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Hull Construction Regulations (CRC Vol. XVI c. 1431) - Canada Shipping Regulations. (ID: 9544)
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Publications Vehicle importation Vehicle recalls Transport Canada CANADA SHIPPING ACT Hull Construction Regulations CRC, Vol. XVI, c. 1431 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Short Title Interpretation Application PART I PART II PART III PART IV PART V PART VI PART VII PART VIII PART IX TABLE I TABLE II PART X TABLE I TABLE II SCHEDULE I INSPECTORS' S REPORT SCHEDULE II Established by the CONSOLIDATED REGULATIONS OF CANADA, 1978. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CANADA SHIPPING ACT Hull Construction Regulations REGULATIONS RESPECTING THE CONSTRUCTION OF HULLS OF STEAMSHIPS Short Title 1. These Regulations may be cited as the Hull Construction Regulations. Interpretation 2. In these Regulations, "`A' Class division" cloison type A "`A' Class division" means a bulkhead or part of a deck complying with the requirements of subsection 41(1); "accommodation space" locaux habit s "accommodation space" includes (a) passenger spaces, (b) crew space, (c) offices, (d) pantries, and (e) space similar to any of the foregoing not being service spaces or open spaces on deck; "approved" approuv "approved" means approved by the Board; "`B' Class division" cloison type B "`B' Class division" means a bulkhead complying with the requirements of subsection 41(2); "Board" Bureau "Board" means the Board of Steamship Inspection; "breadth of the ship" largeur du navire "breadth of the ship" means the greatest moulded breadth at or below the ship's deepest subdivision load water line; "bulkhead deck" pont de cloisonnement "bulkhead deck" means the uppermost deck up to which transverse watertight bulkheads are carried; "Chairman" pr sident "Chairman" means the Chairman of the Board of Steamship Inspection; "combustible material" mat riau combustible "combustible material" means material other than incombustible material; "control station" poste de s curit "control station" includes (a) a radio room, and (b) any other enclosed space that houses (i) a compass, a direction-finder, radar equipment, a steering wheel or other similar equipment used in navigation, (ii) a central indicator connected with a system for the detection of fire or smoke, or (iii) an emergency generator; "criterion numeral" crit rium "criterion numeral", in relation to any ship, means the criterion numeral of the ship determined in accordance with the provisions of section 5 of Schedule I; "deepest subdivision loadline" ligne de charge maximum de compartimentage "deepest subdivision loadline" means the water line that corresponds to the greatest draught; "draught" tirant d'eau "draught" means the vertical distance from the moulded base line amidships to a subdivision load water line; "existing ship" navire existant "existing ship" means a ship that is not a new ship; "factor of subdivision" facteur de cloisonnement" "factor of subdivision", in relation to any ship or portion thereof, means the factor of subdivision determined in accordance with such of the provisions of sections 4 and 9 of Schedule I as apply to that ship or portion thereof, as the case may be; "ferry vessel" transbordeur "ferry vessel" means any vessel, having provision only for deck passengers and for vehicles, that is operated on a short run on a schedule between two points over the most direct water route and offers a public service of a type normally attributed to a bridge or tunnel; "floodable length" longueur envahissable "floodable length", in relation to any portion of a ship at any draught, means the maximum length of that portion having its centre at a given point in the ship that, at that draught and under such of the assumptions of permeability set forth in Schedule I as are applicable in the circumstances, can be flooded without submerging any part of the ship's margin line when the ship has no list; "hotel ship" navire-h tel "hotel ship" means a ship designed to carry passengers in which berthed accommodation is available to persons for other than the purpose of a voyage; "incombustible material" mat riau incombustible "incombustible material" means material that, when heated to a temperature of 750_C, neither burns nor gives off flammable vapours in sufficient quantity to ignite at a pilot-flame; "length" longueur "length", in respect of a ship, means, except in Part VII, the horizontal distance between perpendiculars erected at the extreme ends of the deepest subdivision load water line of the ship; "machinery space" locaux de machines ou tranche des machines "machinery space" means (a) in Parts III and V, the space in which propelling or refrigerating machinery, boilers, pumps, engineers' workshops, generators, ventilation or air conditioning machinery or oil filling stations are situated, and trunkways leading to those spaces, and (b) in every other Part, except Parts IX and X, the space extending from the moulded base line of the ship to the margin line and between the extreme transverse water-tight bulkheads bounding the spaces appropriated to the main and auxiliary propelling machinery, boiler and the permanent coal bunkers, "main vertical zones" tranches verticales principales "main vertical zones" means the main vertical zones into which the hull, superstructure and deckhouses of a ship are divided in accordance with subsection 42(2); "margin line" ligne de surimmersion "margin line" means a line drawn at least 76 mm below the upper surface of the bulkhead deck at the side of a ship, and assumed for the purpose of determining the floodable length of the ship; "Minister" Ministre "Minister" means the Minister of Transport; "new ship" navire neuf "new ship" means (a) a Safety Convention ship the keel of which was laid on or after May 26, 1965, (b) a ship, other than a passenger ship, that is converted to a Safety Convention passenger ship on or after May 26, 1965, (c) a ship, other than a Safety Convention ship, the keel of which was laid on or after February 7, 1958, (d) a ship that is converted to a passenger ship, other than a Safety Convention passenger ship, on or after February 7, 1958, and (e) a ship that is transferred to registry in Canada after February 7, 1958; "passenger" passager "passenger" means any person carried on a ship, but does not include (a) a person carried on a Safety Convention ship who is (i) the master or a member of the crew or a person employed or engaged in any capacity on board the ship on the business of that ship, or (ii) a child under 1 year of age, (b) a person carried on a ship that is not a Safety Convention ship who is (i) the master or a member of the crew, or a person employed or engaged in any capacity on board the ship on the business of that ship, (ii) the owner or charterer of the ship, a member of his family or a servant connected with his household, (iii) a guest of the owner or charterer of the ship if it is used exclusively for pleasure and the guest is carried on the ship without remuneration or any object of profit, or (iv) a child under 1 year of age, or (c) a person carried on any ship in pursuance of the obligation laid upon the master to carry shipwrecked, distressed or other persons or by reason of any circumstances that neither the master nor the owner nor the charterer, if any, could have prevented or forestalled; "passenger ship" navire passagers "passenger ship" means a ship carrying passengers, and "passenger steamship" means a steamship carrying passengers and in the case of a Safety Convention ship means a steamship carrying more than 12 passengers; "passenger space" espace passagers "passenger space" means space provided for the use of passengers; "permeability perm abilit "permeability", in relation to a space, means the percentage of that space below the ship's margin line that, on the assumption that it is in use for the purpose for which it is appropriated, can be occupied by water; "public rooms" locaux de r union "public rooms" includes halls, dining rooms, bars, smoke rooms, lounges, recreation rooms, nurseries and libraries; "Safety Convention ship" means a ship to which the Safety Convention applies; "service space" locaux de service "service space" includes galleys, main pantries, laundries, store rooms, paint rooms, baggage rooms, mail rooms, bullion rooms, carpenters' and plumbers' workshops, and trunkways leading to such spaces; "short international voyage" voyage international court "short international voyage" means an international voyage from a port in one country to a port in another country, in the course of which a ship is not more than 200 nautical miles from a port or place in which the passengers and crew may be placed in safety, and which does not exceed 600 nautical miles in length between the last port of call in the country in which the voyage begins and the final port of destination; "standard fire test" essai au feu standard "standard fire test" means a test that develops in a test furnace a series of time-temperature relationships as follows: (a) at the end of the first 5 minutes, 538_C (b) at the end of the first 10 minutes, 704_C (c) at the end of the first 30 minutes, 843_C (d) at the end of the first 60 minutes, 927 C "Steamship" navire vapeur "Steamship" means a ship propelled by machinery; "subdivision load water line" ligne de charge de compartimentage "subdivision load water line" means the water line assumed in determining the subdivision of the ship in accordance with these Regulations; "superstructure" superstructure "superstructure" means, except in Part VIII, a decked structure above the bulkhead deck (a) extending from side to side of the ship, or (b) the side plating of which is not inboard of the shell plating by more than four per cent of the breadth of the ship; "watertight" tanche "watertight", in relation to a structure, means the structure is capable of preventing the passage of water through it in any direction, under a head of water up to the ship's margin line; "weathertight" tanche aux intemp ries "weathertight", in relation to a structure, means the structure is capable of preventing the passage of sea water through it in ordinary sea conditions. Application 3. (1) These Regulations do not apply to fishing vessels. (2) Parts I, II and VII of these Regulations apply (a) to new ships; and (b) to existing ships in so far as, in the opinion of the Board, is reasonable and practicable. (3) Part III applies to new passenger ships and to existing Safety Convention passenger ships the keels of which were laid on or after November 19, 1952. (4) Part IV applies to existing Safety Convention passenger ships, carrying more than 36 passengers, the keels of which were laid before November 19, 1952 and to hotel ships. (5) Part V applies to existing non-Convention passenger ships, the keels of which were laid before February 7, 1958. (6) Part VI applies to Safety Convention ships, carrying not more than 12 passengers, the keels of which were laid on or after May 26, 1965. (6.1) Notwithstanding subsection (6) and section 75, Part VI does not apply in respect of any ship in respect of which Part IX or X applies. (7) Part VII applies to all passenger and non-passenger ships. (8) Part VIII applies to a ship that is a steamship of more than 5 tons, gross tonnage, built or converted for the purpose of towing, but does not apply to such a ship that, when used for towing, is used only for salvaging logs. (9) Subject to subsections (11) and (12), Part IX applies to every (a) new ship, as defined in Part IX, that is a tanker or combination carrier, as defined in Part IX, of 500 tons gross tonnage or more, (b) existing ship, as defined in Part IX, that is a tanker or combination carrier, as defined in Part IX, of 500 tons gross tonnage or more where (i) the keel of the ship was laid on or after July 28, 1978 or the ship was at a similar stage of construction on or after that date, (ii) the ship was converted to a tanker or combination carrier on or after July 28, 1978, or (iii) the ship was first registered in Canada on or after July 28, 1978, and (c) existing ship, as defined in Part IX, that is a tanker or combination carrier, as defined in Part IX, of 2 000 tons gross tonnage or more where (i) the keel of the ship was laid before July 28, 1978 or the ship was at a similar stage of construction before that date, (ii) the ship was converted to a tanker or combination carrier before July 28, 1978, or (iii) the ship was first registered in Canada before July 28, 1978, where the ship carries in bulk (d) crude oil, (e) a petroleum product that has a closed flashpoint not exceeding 60 C and a Reid vapour pressure, as determined by the American Society for Testing and Materials, Test Number D 323-94, Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method), as amended from time to time, below atmospheric pressure, or (f) a liquid product that has a fire hazard similar to the fire hazard of the product described in paragraph (e). (10) Subject to subsections (11) and (12), Part X applies to every (a) new ship, as defined in Part X, that is a cargo ship of 500 tons gross tonnage or more, other than a tanker or combination carrier as defined in Part IX; and (b) existing ship, as defined in Part X, that is a cargo ship of 2 000 tons gross tonnage or more. (11) Except as provided in subsection (12), existing ships of 2 000 tons gross tonnage or more shall comply with Part IX or X, as applicable, on or before April 1, 1985. (12) Existing ships of 2 000 tons gross tonnage or more shall comply with the requirements of Part IX or X, as applicable, regarding the (a) fire integrity of bulkheads and decks, (b) protection of stairways and elevator trunks, (c) means of escape, (d) fire detection and alarm systems, (e) fire fighting equipment, (f) storage of paints and other flammable items, and (g) general alarm systems on or before July 1, 1983. 4. In addition to the requirements of these Regulations, vessels making international voyages shall comply with the Safety Convention. 5. Notwithstanding anything in these Regulations, (a) subject to paragraph (b), the Board may, if satisfied that it can with propriety do so, exempt any ship from full compliance with any of the requirements of these Regulations; and (b) in the case of a Safety Convention ship, where these Regulations require that the hull of a ship be constructed in a particular manner or that a particular provision be made, the Board may allow the hull to be constructed in any other manner or allow any other provision to be made if it is satisfied that such other manner of construction or such other provision is at least as effective as that required by these Regulations. 6. (1) For the purposes of these Regulations, passenger ships are classified as follows: (a) Class I, consisting of steamships certified to carry more than 12 passengers on international voyages that are not short international voyages; (b) Class II, consisting of steamships certified to carry more than 12 passengers on short international voyages; (c) Class III, consisting of steamships certified to carry passengers on home-trade voyages, Class I, or home-trade voyages Class II, that are not international voyages; (d) Class IV, consisting of steamships certified to carry passengers on home-trade voyages, Class III, that are not international voyages; (e) Class V, consisting of steamships certified to carry passengers on home-trade voyages, Class IV, that are not international voyages; (f) Class VI, consisting of steamships certified to carry passengers on inland voyages, Class I; (g) Class VII, consisting of steamships certified to carry passengers on inland voyages, Class II, or minor waters voyages, Class I; and (h) Class VIII, consisting of steamships certified to carry passengers on minor waters voyages, Class II. (2) A reference to a home-trade, inland waters or minor waters voyage by class means that class as defined in the Home-Trade, Inland and Minor Waters Voyages Regulations. 7. The structural strength of every ship to which these Regulations apply shall be sufficient for the service for which the ship is intended; the plans specified in Schedule VI of the Hull Inspection Regulations shall be prepared taking full cognizance of all applicable requirements specified herein. PART I Application of Part 8. This Part applies to the following classes of ships if those ships are carrying more than 12 passengers: (a) steamships of Class I and Class II; and (b) steamships of 150 tons, gross tonnage, or over, that are ships of Class III or Class IV. Watertight Subdivision 9. Every ship shall be subdivided into compartments by bulkheads that are watertight up to the bulkhead deck, the maximum length of which compartments shall be calculated in accordance with such of the provisions of Schedule I as apply to that ship; every other portion of the internal structure that affects the efficiency of the subdivision of the ship shall be watertight, and shall be of a design that will maintain the integrity of the subdivision. Peak, Machinery Space and Shaft Tunnel Bulkheads 10. (1) Subject to subsection (1.1), every ship shall be equipped with a collision bulkhead (a) that is watertight up to the bulkhead deck; and (b) that is fitted at a distance abaft the ship's forward perpendicular of not less than 5%, and not more than 3.05 m + 5%, of the length of the ship. (1.1) In the case of a ship that has a forward superstructure, the collision bulkhead shall be extended weathertight to the deck next above the bulkhead deck and this extension shall (a) be fitted directly over the collision bulkhead below, unless (i) the collision bulkhead is fitted at a distance from the ship's forward perpendicular of 5% or more of the length of the ship, and (ii) the part of the bulkhead deck which forms the step is made weathertight; and (b) have a plating and stiffeners of such strength and construction as to be capable of supporting the pressure of a head of water up to the margin line, as if the extension formed part of a bulkhead immediately below the bulkhead deck. (2) Every ship shall be provided with a watertight afterpeak bulkhead and with watertight bulkheads dividing the space appropriated to the main and auxiliary propelling machinery, boilers, and the permanent coal bunkers, if any, from other spaces; such bulkheads shall be watertight up to the bulkhead deck; provided that the afterpeak bulkhead may be stopped below the bulkhead deck if the safety of the ship is not thereby impaired. (3) The stern gland shall be situated in a watertight shaft tunnel or other watertight space separate from the stern tube compartment and of such a volume that if the tunnel or space is flooded the margin line will not be submerged; the stern tube shall be enclosed in a watertight compartment, the volume of which shall be the smallest compatible with the proper design of the ship. Double Bottoms 11. (1) Every ship of 50 m in length or more shall be fitted with a watertight double bottom that (a) in ships of no less than 50 m but less than 61 m in length, extends at least from the forward end of the machinery space to the collision bulkhead, or as near to that bulkhead as is practicable; (b) in ships of no less than 61 m but less than 76 m in length, extends at least from the forward end of the machinery space to the collision bulkhead and from the aft end of the machinery space to the afterpeak bulkhead, or as near to those bulkheads as is practicable; and (c) in ships of 76 m or more in length, extends at least from the collision bulkhead to the afterpeak bulkhead, or as near to those bulkheads as is practicable. (1.1) Ships of no less than 24 m but less than 50 m in length that carry berthed passengers below the bulkhead deck shall be fitted with a watertight double bottom for the full length of compartments in which passenger spaces are located. (2) When a double bottom is required by this section to be fitted in a ship, the inner bottom shall be continued out to the ship's sides in such a manner as to protect the bottom to the turn of the bilge; the inner bottom shall be deemed to be adequate for this purpose if the line of intersection of the outer edge of the margin plate with the bilge plating is not lower at any point than a horizontal plane passing through the point of intersection with the frame line amidships of a transverse diagonal line inclined at 25 degrees to the base line and cutting it at a point one half of the ship's moulded breadth from the middle line. (3) Wells constructed in the double bottom for the purpose of drainage shall not be larger or extend downwards more than is necessary for such purpose, and shall not be less than 460 mm from the outer bottom or from the inner edge of the margin plate, provided that a well extending to the outer bottom may be constructed at the after end of a shaft tunnel. (4) Wells for purposes other than drainage shall not be constructed in the double bottom; the Board may exempt any ship from the requirements of this subsection in respect of any well it is satisfied will not diminish the protection given by the double bottom. (5) Nothing in this section shall require a double bottom to be fitted in way of watertight compartments used exclusively for the carriage of liquids, if the safety of the ship will not be impaired in the event of bottom or side damage by reason of the absence of a double bottom in that position. (6) The Board may exempt any ship, other than a ship of Class I, from the requirements of a double bottom in any portion of the ship that is subdivided by application of a factor of subdivision not exceeding 0.5 if it is satisfied that the fitting of a double bottom in that portion of the ship would not be compatible with the design and proper working of the ship. Stability in Damaged Condition 12. (1) Every ship shall be so constructed as to provide sufficient intact stability in all service conditions to enable the ship to withstand the final flooding of any one of the main compartments into which the ship is subdivided in accordance with the provisions of section 9; if two of the main compartments, being adjacent to each other, are separated by a bulkhead that is stepped, the intact stability shall be adequate to withstand the final flooding of those compartments; if the ship's factor of subdivision is 0.5 or less, the intact stability shall be adequate to withstand the final flooding of any two of the main compartments that are adjacent to each other. (2) For the purposes of this section, the sufficiency of the intact stability of every such ship shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Schedule II. (3) Every ship shall be so constructed as to keep unsymmetrical flooding when the ship is in a damaged condition at the minimum consistent with efficient arrangements; if cross-flooding fittings are provided in any such ship, the fittings and the maximum heel of the ship before equalization shall be such as will not endanger the safety of the ship. (4) Where the margin line may become submerged during the flooding assumed for the purposes of the calculation referred to in Schedule II, the construction of the ship shall be such as will enable the master of the ship to ensure (a) that the maximum angle of heel during any stage of such flooding will not be such as will endanger the safety of the ship; and (b) that the margin line will not be submerged in the final stage of flooding. (5) In every ship the owner shall provide a document for the use of the master of the ship containing information as to the use of any cross-flooding fittings provided in the ship. (6) In every ship the owner shall provide a document for the use of the master of the ship containing (a) information necessary for the maintenance of sufficient intact stability under service conditions to enable the ship to withstand damage to the extent referred to in Schedule II; and (b) information as to the conditions of stability on which the calculations of heel have been based, together with the information that excessive heeling may result if the ship sustains damage when in a less favourable condition. Construction of Watertight Bulkheads 13. (1) Every part of a ship required to be watertight shall be of such strength and construction as to be capable of supporting the greater of whichever of the following pressures that the part might have to sustain in the event of damage to the ship: (a) the pressure of a head of water up to the margin line; or (b) the pressure of the maximum head of water. (2) In every ship all tanks, including double bottoms, peak tanks, settling tanks and bunkers, forming part of the structure of the ship and used for the storage of oil fuel or other liquids, shall be of a design and construction adequate for that purpose. Openings in Watertight Bulkheads 14. (1) In every ship the number of openings in bulkheads and other structures required to be watertight shall be the minimum compatible with the design and proper working of the ship. (2) So far as practicable, trunks installed in connection with ventilation, forced draught or refrigeration systems in any ship shall not pierce such bulkheads or structures. (3) Every tunnel above the double bottom, if any, in a ship, whether for access from the crew space to the machinery space, for piping or for any other purpose, which passes through a bulkhead, shall be watertight; the means of access to at least one end of such tunnel, if it may be used as a passage at sea, shall be through a trunkway extending watertight to a height sufficient to permit access above the margin line; the means of access to the other end of the tunnel shall be through a watertight door; no tunnel shall extend through the first subdivision bulkhead abaft the collision bulkhead. (4) Not more than one doorway, other than a bunker or tunnel doorway, shall pierce a watertight bulkhead in the machinery space in any ship; if any such bulkhead is pierced by a doorway the doorway shall be placed so as to have the sill as high as possible in the ship. (5) Doorways, manholes and access openings shall not be fitted in the collision bulkhead below the margin line of any ship or in any other bulkhead that is required to be watertight and divides a cargo space from another cargo space or from a permanent or reserve bunker; the Board may permit any such ship to be fitted with doorways in bulkheads dividing two between deck cargo spaces if it is satisfied that (a) the doorways are necessary for the proper working of the ship; (b) the number of such doorways is the minimum compatible with the design and proper working of the ship, and the doorways are fitted at the highest practicable level; and (c) the outboard vertical edges of such doorways are situated at a distance from the ship's shell plating which is not less than one fifth of the breadth of the ship, such distance being measured at right angles to the centre line of the ship at the level of the deepest subdivision load water line. (6) In every ship (a) bulkheads outside the machinery space that are required to be watertight shall not be pierced by openings that are capable of being closed only by portable bolted plates; and (b) where portable bolted plates are permitted in machinery space bulkheads, the master and persons in charge of the navigation and engine room watches shall ensure that such plates are in place before the ship leaves port and are not removed during navigation except in the case of urgent necessity, and the master shall ensure that notices to this effect are posted in the Chart Room and at the openings on each side of the bulkhead. (7) In every ship (a) valves and cocks not forming part of a pipe system shall not be fitted in any bulkhead required to be watertight; (b) where a watertight bulkhead is pierced by pipes, scuppers, electric cables or other similar fittings, provision shall be made that will ensure that the watertightness of the bulkhead is not thereby impaired; and (c) the collision bulkhead shall not be pierced below the margin line by more than one pipe, provided that if the forepeak is divided to hold two different kinds of liquids the collision bulkhead may be pierced below the margin line by not more than two pipes; any pipe which pierces the collision bulkhead shall be fitted with a screwdown valve capable of being operated from above the bulkhead deck, the valve chest being secured to the forward side of the collision bulkhead. Means of Closing Openings in Watertight Bulkheads 15. (1) In every ship efficient means shall be provided for closing and making watertight all openings in bulkheads and other structures required to be watertight. (2) Every door fitted to any such opening shall be a sliding watertight door, provided that, in a ship that is not required by section 9 of Schedule I to have a factor of subdivision of 0.5 or less, hinged watertight doors may be fitted (a) in passenger, crew and working spaces above any deck the underside of which at its lowest point is at least 2.13 m above the deepest subdivision load water line; and (b) in any bulkhead, not being a collision bulkhead, that divides two cargo between deck spaces; for such cases a notice shall be posted in the Chart Room stating that these doors shall be closed before the voyage commences and shall be kept closed during navigation; similar notices shall be posted at the doors, on each side of the bulkhead. (2.1) The master and persons in charge of the navigation and engine room watches shall ensure that the doors fitted in accordance with paragraph (2)(b) are closed before the voyage commences and are kept closed during navigation, and the master shall ensure that the notices to this effect required by that paragraph are posted in the Chart Room and at the doors on each side of the bulkhead. (3) Hinged watertight doors shall be fitted with catches capable of being worked from each side of the bulkhead in which the door is fitted. (4) All doors required to be watertight shall be secured by means other than bolts, and shall be closed by means other than gravity or a dropping weight. (5) Watertight doors fitted in bulkheads between permanent and reserve bunkers, other than the doors referred to in subsection 16(3), shall always be accessible. Means of Operating Sliding Watertight Doors 16. (1) Where in a ship not required by section 9 of Schedule I to have a factor of subdivision of 0.5 or less, any sliding watertight door in a bulkhead, other than a door at the entrance to a tunnel, is in a position that may require it to be opened at sea and the sill thereof is below the deepest subdivision load water line, the following provisions apply: (a) if the number of such doors exceeds five, all such doors and all tunnel doors shall be operated by power and shall be capable of being simultaneously closed from a central control situated on the bridge; and (b) if the number of such doors does not exceed five, (i) if the criterion numeral of the ship does not exceed 30, such doors and tunnel doors shall not be required to be operated by power, and (ii) if the criterion numeral of the ship exceeds 30, all such doors and all tunnel doors shall be operated by power and shall be capable of being simultaneously closed from a central control situated on the bridge, provided that, if there is only one such door and one tunnel door in the ship, both of which are in the machinery space, they shall not be required to be operated by power. (2) In every ship, other than ships of Class I, required by section 9 of Schedule I to have a factor of subdivision not over 0.5, all sliding watertight doors shall be operated by power and shall be capable of being simultaneously closed from a central control situated on the bridge, provided that, if there is only one such door and it is in the machinery space, it shall not be required to be operated by power. (3) Where a sliding watertight door that may be opened at sea for the purpose of trimming coal is fitted between bunkers in the between decks below the bulkhead deck, such door shall be operated by power. (4) Where a trunkway that is part of a refrigeration, ventilation or forced draught system, is carried through more than one transverse watertight bulkhead and the sill of the opening of such trunkway is less than 2.13 m above the deepest subdivision load water line, the sliding watertight door at the opening shall be operated by power. (5) Where a sliding watertight door is required to be operated by power from a central control, the power system shall be so arranged that the door can also be operated by power at the door itself; the arrangement shall be such that the door will close automatically if opened at the door itself after being closed from the central control, and will be capable of being kept closed at the door itself notwithstanding that an attempt may be made to open it from the central control; handles for controlling the power system shall be provided at both sides of the bulkhead in which the door is situated and shall be so arranged that any person passing through the doorway will be able to hold both handles in the open position simultaneously. (6) Where these Regulations require that the opening and closing of the sliding watertight doors of a ship be operated by power, (a) there shall be at least two sources of power for opening and closing all such doors simultaneously; (b) an indicator shall be fitted at the central control site for such doors, to show whether there is any disruption in the power available to operate them; (c) any fluid used for the purpose of operating such doors shall be incapable of freezing at the temperatures likely to be encountered on the voyages the ship makes; (d) there shall, in the case of an electro-hydraulic operating system, be two sources of hydraulic power fitted, consisting of two pumps or their equivalent, in addition to the main and emergency sources of power. (7) Every sliding watertight door that is operated by power shall be provided with efficient hand-operating gear that can be operated both at the door itself and at an accessible position above the bulkhead deck; at the position above the bulkhead deck the hand-operating gear shall be operated with an all-round crank motion. (8) Where a sliding watertight door is not required to be operated by power, it shall be provided with efficient hand-operating gear with an all-round crank motion, both at the door itself and at an accessible position above the bulkhead deck. (9) The hand-operating gear for operating the sliding watertight door in the machinery space from above the bulkhead deck shall be placed outside the machinery space unless such a position is inconsistent with the efficient arrangement of the necessary gearing. (10) The master and persons in charge of the navigation and engine room watches shall ensure that all sliding watertight doors are kept closed during navigation except when necessarily opened for the working of the ship, in which case such doors shall always be ready to be immediately closed and the master shall ensure that notices to this effect are posted in the Chart Room and at the doors on each side of the bulkhead. Watertight Doors--Signals and Communications 17. (1) Every sliding watertight door shall be connected with an indicator at each position from which the door may be closed, other than at the door itself, showing whether the door is open or closed. (2) There shall be provided in connection with every watertight door that is operated by power a means of giving an audible warning at the door itself when the door is about to be closed; the arrangement shall be such that one movement at the position from which the door is about to be closed will be sufficient to sound the signal and to close the door, the signal to precede the movement of the door by an interval sufficient to allow the movement of persons and articles away from the door. (3) Where any door required by these Regulations to be watertight is not capable of being operated from a central control, means of communication by telegraph, telephone or otherwise shall be provided whereby the officer of the watch may communicate with the person responsible for the closing of the door. Construction of Watertight Doors 18. (1) Every door required by these Regulations to be watertight shall be of such design, material and construction as will maintain the integrity of the watertight bulkhead in which it is fitted; any such door giving direct access to any space that may contain bunker coal shall, together with its frame, be made of cast or mild steel; any such door in any other position shall, together with its frame, be made of cast or mild steel or cast iron. (2) Every sliding watertight door shall be fitted with rubbing faces of brass or similar material that may be fitted either on the door itself or on the door frame, and, if they are of less than 25 mm width, shall be fitted in recesses. (3) Where screw gear is used for operating such a door, the screw shall work in a nut of suitable non-corrodible metal. (4) The frame of every vertically sliding watertight door shall have no grooves at the bottom thereof in which dirt may lodge; the bottom of such a frame, if it is of skeleton form, shall be so arranged that dirt cannot lodge therein; the bottom edge of every such door shall be tapered or bevelled. (5) Every vertically sliding watertight door that is operated by power shall be so designed and fitted that, if the power supply ceases, there will be no danger of the door dropping. (6) Every horizontally sliding watertight door shall be so installed as to prevent its moving if the ship rolls, and if necessary a clip or other suitable device shall be provided for that purpose; the device shall not interfere with the closing of the door when the door is required to be closed. (7) The frame of every watertight door shall be properly fitted to the bulkhead in which the door is situated, and the jointing material between the frame and the bulkhead shall be of a type that will not deteriorate or be injured by heat. (8) Every watertight coal-bunker door shall be provided with screens or other devices to prevent coal from interfering with its closing. (9) Every watertight door shall be tested at the maker's plant by water pressure to a head taken from the bottom of the door to the margin line, but in no case shall the test pressure be less than 6.1 m head for sliding doors and 3 m head for hinged doors; where there are several doors of the same type to be fitted, one of the type may be so tested and, provided the test is satisfactory, the remainder may be accepted; after installation in the ship, each watertight door shall be hose tested at a minimum pressure of 207 kPa to ensure integrity of the watertight bulkhead. Openings in the Shell Plating below the Margin Line 19. (1) In every ship the number of side scuttles, scuppers, sanitary discharges and other openings in the shell plating below the margin line shall be the minimum compatible with the design and proper working of the ship, and no side scuttles shall be fitted below the bulkhead deck in ships of less than 150 tons, gross tonnage. (2) The arrangements for closing each such opening below the margin line shall be consistent with its intended purpose and shall be such as will ensure watertightness. (3) In every ship of 150 tons, gross tonnage, or over, (a) the number of side scuttles below the margin line that are capable of being opened shall be the minimum compatible with the requirements of the proper operation of the ship; (b) where in a between decks of such a ship the sills of any side scuttles are below a line drawn parallel to the bulkhead deck at side and having its lowest point 2 1/2 per cent of the breadth of the ship above the deepest subdivision load water line, every side scuttle in that between decks shall be of a non-opening type; (c) where in a between decks all the sills of the side scuttles are above the aforesaid line, every side scuttle in that between decks shall be either of a non-opening type or incapable of being opened except by a person authorized to do so by the master of the ship; (d) where other than non-opening type side scuttles are fitted, a notice shall be posted in the Chart Room stating that such side scuttles are required to be closed before the ship proceeds to sea and shall be kept closed while the ship is at sea; and (e) similar notices shall be posted in the spaces within which such side scuttles are situated. (4) In every ship of 150 tons, gross tonnage, or over, every side scuttle below the margin line shall be fitted with an efficient hinged deadlight of material other than ordinary cast iron, permanently attached, so that it can be readily and effectively closed and secured watertight, provided that abaft a point one eighth of the length of the ship from the forward perpendicular and above a line drawn parallel to the bulkhead deck at side and having its lowest point at a height of 3.66 m plus 2 1/2 per cent of the breadth of the ship above the ship's deepest subdivision load water line, deadlights may, for the purposes of these Regulations, be portable in crew spaces and in passenger spaces not appropriated for the use of steerage passengers. (5) Side scuttles shall not be fitted below the margin line in any space that is appropriated solely to the carriage of cargo or coal; if side scuttles are fitted in spaces below the margin line that may be appropriated to the carriage of cargo or passengers, such side scuttles and their deadlights shall be so constructed as to be incapable of being opened except by a person authorized to do so by the master of the ship; where other than non-opening type side scuttles are fitted, a notice shall be posted in the Chart Room stating that such side scuttles are required to be closed before the ship proceeds to sea and shall be kept closed while the ship is at sea; similar notices shall be posted in the spaces within which such side scuttles are situated. (6) Automatic ventilating side scuttles shall not be fitted below the margin line in the shell plating of any such ship. (7) In every ship (a) each inlet and discharge led through the shell plating below the margin line shall be fitted with efficient and readily accessible means for preventing the accidental admission of water into the ship; (b) without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, each discharge led through the shell plating from spaces below the margin line, not being a discharge in connection with machinery, shall be provided with either (i) one automatic non-return valve fitted with a positive means by which it can be closed from a readily accessible position above the ship's bulkhead deck and with an indicator at the position from which the valve may be closed to show whether the valve is open or shut, or (ii) two automatic non-return valves, the upper of which is so situated above the ship's deepest subdivision load water line as to be always accessible for examination under service conditions and is of a horizontal balanced type that is normally closed; (c) any valve fitted in compliance with the requirements of paragraph (b) that is a geared valve, or the lower of two non-geared valves, shall be secured to the ship's shell plating; (d) all cocks and valves attached to inlets or discharges, or bulkhead fittings within B/5 distance from the shell plating, other than inlets or discharges connected with machinery, being cocks or valves fitted below the margin line or the failure of which may affect the subdivision of the ship, shall be made of steel, bronze, or other equally efficient material; (e) main and auxiliary inlets and discharges connected with machinery shall be fitted with readily accessible cocks or valves between the pipes and the ship's shell plating or between the pipes and a fabricated box attached to the shell plating and such cocks or valves of more than 76 mm diameter attached to such inlets or discharges shall be made of steel, bronze, or other equally efficient material; if made of steel they shall be protected against corrosion; (f) discharge pipes led through the shell plating below the margin line shall not be fitted in a direct line between the outboard opening and the connection with the deck, water closet or other similar fitting, but shall be arranged with bends or elbows of substantial metal other than cast iron or lead; (g) all discharge pipes led through the shell plating below the margin line and the valves relating thereto shall be protected from damage; (h) all bolts connecting cocks, valves, discharge pipes and other similar equipment to the shell plating below the margin line shall have their heads outside the shell plating, and shall be either countersunk or cup-headed; (i) efficient means shall be provided for the drainage of all watertight decks below the margin line and any drainage pipes shall be so fitted with valves or otherwise arranged as to avoid the danger of water passing from a damaged to an undamaged compartment; (j) the inboard opening of every ash-chute, rubbish chute and other similar chute shall be fitted with an efficient watertight cover, and, if such opening is below the margin line, it shall also be fitted with an automatic non-return valve in the chute in a readily accessible position above the ship's deepest subdivision load water line; the valve shall be of the horizontal balanced type, normally closed and provided with local means for securing it in a closed position; when chutes are not being used, the cover and valve shall be kept closed and secured, and a permanent notice to this effect shall be posted in close proximity to the chute hopper; the requirements of this paragraph shall not apply to ash ejectors and expellers the inboard openings of which are in the ship's stokehold and necessarily below the deepest subdivision load water line; such ejectors and expellers shall be fitted with means that will prevent water from entering the ship; and (k) any gangway port, cargo port or coaling port fitted below the margin line shall be of adequate strength and its lowest point shall not be below the ship's deepest subdivision load water line; an appropriate notice shall be posted in the Chart Room stating that all such gangway ports, cargo ports or coaling ports shall be effectively closed and secured watertight before the ship leaves port and shall be kept closed during navigation. Side and Other Openings above the Margin Line 20. In every ship side scuttles, gangway ports, cargo ports, coaling ports and other openings in the shell plating above the margin line, and their means of closing, shall be of efficient design and construction and of sufficient strength having regard to the spaces in which they are fitted and their positions relative to the deepest subdivision load water line, and to the intended service of the ship. Weather Deck 21. In every ship the bulkhead deck or a deck above the bulkhead deck shall be weathertight; all openings in a weathertight deck shall have coamings of adequate height and strength and shall be provided with efficient and rapid means of closing so as to make them weathertight; freeing ports or scuppers shall be provided for clearing such deck of water under all weather conditions. Subdivision Load Lines 22. (1) Every ship shall be marked on its sides amidships with the subdivision load lines assigned to it by the Board; the marks shall consist of horizontal lines 25 mm in breadth, and 230 mm in length in the case of a ship that is a load line ship and 305 mm in length in the case of any other ship; the marks shall be painted in white or yellow on a dark ground or in black on a light ground, and shall also be cut in or centre-punched on iron or steel ships, and cut into the planking on wood ships. (2) The subdivision load lines shall be identified with the letter C, measuring about 115 mm by 75 mm; the identifying letters and numerals shall in every case be painted and cut or centre-punched, as the case may be, on the sides of the ship in the same manner as the lines to which they relate, and (a) in the case of ships of Class I and Class II with consecutive numbers beginning from the deepest subdivision load line that shall be marked C1; (b) in the case of ships of Class III and Class IV, (i) if there is only one subdivision load line, it shall be identified with the letter C, and (ii) if there is more than one subdivision load line, the subdivision load lines shall be identified with the letter C and with consecutive letters beginning from the deepest subdivision load line, which shall be marked CA; (c) where in the case of any ship the subdivision load line marks assigned are located below the lowest of the ordinary load lines, the latter load lines, if the owner so desires, need not be placed on the ship's sides; for such cases the ship's sides shall be marked with the deck line, the disc, the horizontal line through the centre of the disc, the subdivision load line or lines and the fresh water load line; the fresh water load line mark shall be placed at the same distance above the disc as if the disc were in its normal position; the fresh water mark shall be designated by the letter F at its after end and the forward end of this load line and that of the subdivision load line or lines shall be connected by a vertical line; the centre of the disc shall be placed at the level of the top edge of the highest subdivision load line; and (d) in the case of ships that are not required to have ordinary load lines assigned, the subdivision line or lines shall be marked directly under the deck line and if more than one subdivision load line is marked on the ship's sides the forward ends shall be joined by a vertical line. (3) In the case of a ship of Class III, IV, VI or VII that is 150 tons, gross tonnage, or over, a combined subdivision load line and inspection certificate shall be issued over the signature of the steamship inspector or inspectors concerned with the inspection of the ship. PART II Application of Part 23. This Part applies to the following classes of ships that carry more than 12 passengers: (a) Group A comprising (i) all ships of Class III and Class IV that are 50 tons, gross tonnage, and less than 150 tons, gross tonnage, (ii) all ships of Class VI and Class VII that are 75 tons, gross tonnage, or over, and (iii) ships of Class V and Class VIII that are not ferry vessels and are 75 tons, gross tonnage, or over; and (b) Group B comprising all ships of Class V and Class VIII that are ferry vessels. Standard of Subdivision 24. (1) Every Group A ship, whether or not specifically required by this section to meet at least a one-compartment standard of subdivision, shall be fitted with at least 3 transverse watertight bulkheads. (2) Every Group A ship shall be subdivided as follows: (a) if carrying more than 49 passengers and not more than 400, it shall be so subdivided that with any one main compartment flooded, the margin line will not be submerged; (b) if carrying more than 400 and not more than 600 passengers, it shall, in addition to the requirements of paragraph (a), be so subdivided that with the forepeak and the adjacent main compartment flooded, the margin line will not be submerged; (c) if carrying more than 600 and not more than 800 passengers, it shall, in addition to the requirements of paragraph (a), be so subdivided that with any two adjacent main compartments flooded within at least 40 per cent of the ship's length from the forward perpendicular, the margin line will not be submerged; (d) if carrying more than 800 and not more than 1000 passengers, it shall, in addition to the requirements of paragraph (a), be so subdivided that with any two adjacent compartments flooded within 60 per cent of the ship's length from the forward perpendicular, the margin line will not be submerged; and (e) if carrying more than 1000 passengers, it shall be so subdivided by main transverse watertight bulkheads that with any two adjacent main compartments flooded, the margin line will not be submerged. (3) Every Group B ship (a) that is not over 45.7 m in water line length shall be so subdivided by main transverse bulkheads that with any one main compartment flooded the margin line will not be submerged; (b) that is over 45.7 m but not over 61 m in water line length shall, in addition to one compartment subdivision, be so subdivided that, with either of the peak compartments and its adjacent main compartment flooded, the margin line will not be submerged; and (c) that is over 61 m in water line length shall be so subdivided by main transverse watertight bulkheads that with any two adjacent main compartments flooded, the margin line will not be submerged. 25. In making subdivision calculations, the volume shall be calculated to the margin line and the assumed average permeability of spaces shall be as follows: Machinery spaces 85 Tanks, chain lockers and spaces normally filled with cargo, stores, mail or baggages, in the full load condition 60 All other spaces 95 26. To be considered effective, watertight bulkheads abaft the collision bulkhead shall be spaced not less than 3.05 m plus three per cent of the load water line length, but in the case of ships of Group B this minimum spacing shall be applicable between peak bulkheads. 27. Watertight bulkheads shall not be stepped unless additional subdivision is provided in way of the step to maintain the same measure of safety as that obtained by a plane bulkhead; where a ship can withstand flooding of the two adjacent compartments separated by a stepped bulkhead and no part of such bulkhead is nearer to either of the other bulkheads bounding the adjacent compartments than is permitted by section 26, the step will be acceptable. 28. (1) If watertight bulkheads are recessed, the recess shall be inboard from the ship's side by at least one-fifth the beam amidships measured at right angles to the centre line at the level of the load water line; otherwise, the bulkhead shall comply with the requirements for a stepped bulkhead. (2) In the case of ships that operate solely on the Great Lakes, where the maximum moulded beam at the deck and at the load water line differ appreciably, the inboard damage penetration may be assumed at a mean position between that corresponding to one fifth of the maximum moulded beam at the deck, measured inboard at the deck, and that corresponding to one-fifth the maximum moulded beam at the load water line measured inboard at the load water line. 29. Where a main transverse bulkhead is recessed or stepped, an equivalent plane bulkhead shall be used in determining the subdivision. 30. The requirements for double bottoms as specified in section 11 of Part I apply to the ships of this Part. 31. The requirements for peak and machinery space bulkheads as specified in section 10 of Part I apply to ships to which this Part applies, except that the requirements for afterpeak bulkheads specified in subsection 10(2) apply only to ships over 150 tons, gross tonnage. 32. The requirements for damaged stability calculations as set out in Schedule II shall apply to all ships required by this Part to have at least a one-compartment standard of subdivision. 33. The requirements for shaft tunnels as specified in subsection 10(3) of Part I apply to ships in excess of 150 tons, gross tonnage, to which this Part applies. 34. The requirements of sections 14 to 18 respecting (a) openings in watertight bulkheads, (b) means of closing openings in watertight bulkheads, etc., (c) means of operating sliding watertight doors, (d) signals and communications for watertight doors, and (e) construction of watertight doors apply to all ships to which this Part applies, except that, in the case of ships that are less than 150 tons, gross tonnage, that operate on the Great Lakes or on the sea coasts and that do not proceed more than 20 nautical miles from land, and in the case of all ships on inland waters, other than the Great Lakes, hinged watertight doors complying with subsection 15(3) and (4) may be permitted within accommodation and working spaces, if it is practical to keep such doors closed at all times except when actually being used for transit; in the case of those ships where an emergency generator is not required to be fitted, the requirements for two sources of power prescribed in subsection 16(6) of Part I need not be complied with. 35. The requirements for openings in shell plating below the margin line, as specified in section 19 of Part I apply to the ships to which this Part applies. 36. The requirements for side and other openings above the margin line and for weather decks, as specified in sections 20 and 21 of Part I, apply to the ships to which this Part applies. Subdivision Load Line Certificates 37. (1) The provisions specified in subsection 22(3) of Part I relating to issuance of subdivision load line certificates shall apply to ships of Class VI and Class VII that are 150 tons, gross tonnage, or over to which this Part applies. (2) The requirements for marking of subdivision load lines as specified in subsection 22(2) of Part I shall apply to ships of Class VI and Class VII that are 150 tons, gross tonnage, or over, except that references in paragraph 22(2)(c) to "the disc" shall read "the disc or diamond"; ships of Class VI and Class VII that make voyages to the United States on the Great Lakes shall be marked in similar manner to that specified in paragraphs 22(2)(a) and (b). (3) Subdivision load line certificates will not be issued to ships of Class III, IV, VI or VII that are less than 150 tons, gross tonnage, nor shall such certificates be issued to any ship of Class V or Class VIII regardless of gross tonnage; in the case of such ships, a letter stating the maximum load draft at which the ship is permitted to operate will be issued; this letter shall be posted in the wheel house, under glass, adjacent to the inspection certificate. PART III FIRE PROTECTION OF PASSENGER SHIPS Application of Part 38. Subject to section 42, this Part applies to (a) ships of Class I and Class II the keels of which were laid on or after November 19, 1952; (b) ships of Class III to Class VIII that are certified to carry (i) more than 25 berthed passengers, (ii) more than 50 berthed and unberthed passengers, or (iii) more than 100 unberthed passengers where the distance from the point of commencement of the voyage to the farthest outward point exceeds 15 nautical miles or where the distance of the ship from shore at any time exceeds 5 nautical miles; and (c) ships of Class III to Class VIII, other than those described in paragraph (b), where in the opinion of the Board the application of this Part or any provision thereof to any such ship is warranted by reason of the existence of any special hazard. Exemption 39. The Board may exempt from any of the provisions of sections 44 to 51 and 52 to 56 any ship of Class I or Class II carrying not more than 36 passengers if it is satisfied that the ship is fitted with an efficient fire detection system complying with the requirements of section 57, capable of giving a visible and audible alarm signal at one or more points in the ship so as to come rapidly to the notice of the master and the crew of the ship, which will indicate the presence and position of any fire in any accommodation space or service space, other than a space that, in the opinion of the Board, affords no substantial risk. Exhibition of Plans 40. In every ship there shall be provided for the guidance of the master of the ship plans showing for each deck the sections of the ship enclosed by "A" Class divisions and the sections of the ship enclosed by "B" Class divisions, together with particulars of the fire alarm and fire detecting systems, sprinkler installations and fire extinguishing appliances provided in the ship, the means of entry into and exit from the various compartments and decks, and of the ship's ventilating system, including in particular the positions of the dampers thereof and the identification numbers of the ventilation fans serving each section of the ship, and such plans shall be protected by glass or similar material and shall be permanently affixed to a bulkhead, table or desk near the place from which the ship is normally navigated. "A" and "B" Class Divisions 41. (1) Every "A" Class division shall be constructed of steel or similar material, in either case stiffened so as to be capable of preventing the passage of smoke and flame throughout a standard fire test of 60 minutes duration; the division shall have an adequate insulating value having regard to the nature of the spaces adjacent thereto, and if the division is between spaces either of which contains adjacent combustible material, it shall be so insulated that, if either face of the division is exposed to a standard fire test of 60 minutes duration, the average temperature on the unexposed face of the division will not increase at any time during the test by more than 139_C above the initial temperature on that face nor shall the temperature at any one point thereon increase by more than 180_C above the initial temperature. (2) Every "B" Class division shall be capable of preventing the passage of smoke and flame throughout a standard fire test of 30 minutes duration; every such division shall have an adequate insulating value having regard to the nature of the spaces adjacent thereto; the division shall be so constructed that, if either face thereof is exposed to a standard fire test of 30 minutes duration, the average temperature on the unexposed face of the division will not increase by more than 139_C above the initial temperature on that face, nor shall the temperature at any one point thereon increase by more than 180_C above the initial temperature, provided that any division that is constructed wholly of incombustible material shall be required to comply with the foregoing requirement relating to increase of temperature only during the first 15 minutes of a standard fire test. Structure of the Ship 42. (1) The hull, superstructure, structural bulkheads, decks and deckhouses of every ship shall be constructed of steel, but the Board may exempt any ship wholly or in part from the requirements of this subsection if it is satisfied that these parts are constructed of material equally resistant to fire. (2) The hull, superstructure and deckhouses shall be subdivided by bulkheads consisting of "A" Class divisions into main vertical zones; the mean length of each zone, above the bulkhead deck, shall not exceed 40 m; any steps in the bulkheads shall consist of "A" Class divisions; in the case of railway car ferries (which does not include automobile carrying ships) where it is impracticable to fit fire-resisting bul Hull Construction Regulations (CRC Vol. XVI c. 1431) - Canada Shipping Regulations.